Great Nebraska

Naturalists and Scientists

Raymond J. Pool, Notes, 1912, Part 4

Raymond J. Pool

115

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Hydromatic Readings in Cherry Co. Lakes. 1912

Hackberry Lake — July 11, 1912

1. Water edge of Phragmites 998.5:28.0° — 3 ft.
2. Scirpus bayou 998.5:29.0 — 1 ft.
3. Myriophyllum W. end 998.5:29.0 — 1 ft.
4. Open, S. side 998.5:29.0 — 1 ft.
5. Short Scirpus, S. side 998.5:28.0 — 1 ft.
6. South side, open 998.0:27.0 — 1 ft.
7. ” ” ” 998.5:27.0 — 1 ft.
8. N. Nympahaea 998.5:28.0 — 1 ft.
9. East End 998.5:29.0 — 1 ft.

July 15Phalaris Lake Small Lake 1 mi. N.E. Rivers Stilwell

1. N. side open near Potamageton 10021.5:18.0 — surface
2. E. end open 1002.0:20.0 — “

Small Pond 1/4 mi. S. Big Alkali.

1003.0:27.5 — surface
Big Alkali — 995.9:29.5—”

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Visual Societies in Sand Hills

1. Lathyrus omatus (inc incanus)
2. Prunus melancarpa
3. Prunus besseyi
4. Ribes aureum
5. Carex — (Dismal River) moist pocket flats
6. Antennaria campestris (?) community
7. ~~Batrachium circinatum~~
8. Castellia sessiliflora (Dismal)
9. Carex pennsylvanica (uplands — with Grasses & Muhlenbergia)
10. Arogalus lambertii
11. Penstemon acimatus
12. Lesquerella argentea
13. Eriophorum gracile
14. Festuca octoflora
15. Dodeoctheon readicatum
16. Plantago eriopoda

Aestival Societies (1st. week in June)

1. Ceanothus ovatus (esp. in South)
2. Ipomoea leptophylla? (west)
3. Amorpha canescens
4. Prosalea micrantha (June 10)
5. Scirpus americanus (June 5)
6. Batrachium — Myriophyllum
7. Amorpha fruticosa
8. Polygonum amphibium
9. Froelichia floridana community
10. Monarda citriodora “
11. Ratibida columnaris “
12. Psoralea argophylla “
13. Ratibida columnaris “

117

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Rudbeckia hirta

118

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Sand Collectors

Muhlenbergia pungens
Salsola tragus
Artemsia filifolia
Lathyrus omatus
Andropogon hallii
Psoralea micrantha
Rumex vevosus
Rosa arkansana
Penstemon hayden
Yucca glauca
Meriolix serrulata
Phlox douglasii
Prunus besseyi

119

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Sand Binders

Redfieldia flexmosa
Calamovilfa longifolia
Eragrostis trichodes
Psoralea micrantha
Phaca longifolia
Muhlenbergia pungens
Penstemon haydeni

120

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Alfalfa Culture in Sand Hills

Many good fields of this crop are seen. There should be much more sown. Has been shown
that it can be grown readily. Good fields at Gandy, Tryon, Garden Co. Angora, Alliance, Seneca, Mullen.

Use dry valleys, or gentle north slopes where wind not especially strong. Be careful
not to put it on too wet soil. Best method of putting it in not yet determined. All manners and methods used
from broadcasting to drilling in with press drill and in rows wide enought apart so
that the crop can be cultivated — At Seneca one man had good success by sowing it broadcast with corn.

121

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Literature

Rydberg — Flora of Sand Hills
Pond elements— Phytogeog. Nebr.
Bates —Psoe. Soc. Am. For.
Kellog — Forest Belts between Kan. & Nebr.

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The Number of Species of Various Families in the Sand Hills

Monocots:	No	Tot.	Pec.
Alismaceae	2
Naiadaceae	16
Typhaceae	2
Aroidaceae	1
Lemnaceae	5	22	10
Graminaceae	119	119	20
Cyperaceae	51	51	16
Liliaceae	13
Pontedriaceae	0
Counclinaeae	2
Hydrophyllaceae	1
Amaryllidceae	0
Iridaceae	1
Orchidaceae	6	23	5
		215	51

Dicots:
Ranunculaceae	16
Menispermaecea	1
Nympaceae	1
Papaveraceae	1
Cruciferaceae	15
Copparidaceae	4
Cistaceae	2
Violaceae	3
Polygalaecae	3	46	3
Caryophyllaceae	7	0	0
Portulacaceaceae	2
Ficoidaceae	1
Nystaqinaceae	4
Glecetraceae	1
Amaranthaceae	6

123

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Chenepodiaceae	14
Polygonaceae	26	61	14
Hypericaceae	5
Euphorbiaceae	12
Malvaceae	3
Tiliaceae	1
Usticaeceae	9
Ceratophyllaceae	1	30	3
Linaceae	1
Zygophyllaceae
Geraniaceae	4
Rutaceae	1
Elaeaguaceae	1
Celartraceae	2
Rhammaceae	4
Vitaceae	2
Sapnidaceae	1
Anacardiaceae	3	20	2
Leguminorae	57	57	2
Rosaceae	23	23	3
Saxifragaceae	4
Cranulaceae	1
Haloshigidaceae	3
Lythraceae	2
Ongiaceae	18	28	3
Loasaceae	2
Cactaceae	5
Umbelliferae	16
Araliaceae	1
Cornaceae	4	28	3
Ericaeceae	1
Plantaginaceae	3
Prunuslaceae	4	8	1
Oleaceae	1
Apocynaceae	1

124

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Asclepiadaceae	13
Gentianaceae	4	19	3
Polemouiaceae	3
Hydrophyllaceae	1
Boraguiaceae	7
Convolvulaceae	7
Solanaceae	7	25	3
Scrophulanaceae	18
Orobanchaceae	2
Lentibulanaceae	1
Pedaliaceae	1	22	5
Verbenaceae	7
Labiataceae	20	27	5
Caprifoliaceae	3
Rubiaceae	7
Campanulaceae	9
Ascusbitaceae	2	21	5
Compositae	125	125	32
		540	88

Totals:	Moncots.	215	51
	Dicots.	540	88
		735	139

125

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Societies

Prunus besseyi assocciation
Symphoricarpos association
Prunus association
Amorpha association
Salix humilis association
Ceanthus ovatus association
Rosa association
S

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Sand Hills Formations.

I. Upland Formations

1. The Bunch — Grass Formation
1)The Blow-out and Sand-draw Association
2)The Muhlenbergia — Yucca Association
3) The Andropogon — Yucca Association
2. The Short Grass Formation
1) The Bouteloua — Bulbilis Association
2) The Wire Grass Association
3)
3. The Woodland Formation
1) Eastern Scriduous Association
2) Western Coniferous Association
4. Cultural and Ruderal Vegetation

II. Lowland Formations

1. The Water Plant Formation
1. The Pondweed Association
2. The Water Lily Association
3. The Water Crowfoot Association
The Stonewaort — Naias asscociation
2. The Marsh Formation
1)the Reed — Grass Rush Associatoin
2) The Smartweed Association
3) The Water Hemlock Association
3. the Wet Meadow Formation
1)The Rush Meadow Association
2) The Fern Meadow Association
3) The Hay Meadow Association
4. The Spring — Branch Formation

127

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Form of Thesis

A study of the Vegetation of the Sand Hills of Nebraska

1. Historical — previous study
2. Area, and position in reference to state
3. Topography and geology (vertical section)
4. Climate and soil conditions
5. The plant formations — root habits
6. Forestation
7. Grazing and agriculture
8. Summary
9. Bibliography
10. Halftones

Illustrations:

1. Halftones — habitats & associations
2. Line etchings
1) Quadrats — transects
2) Topographic maps
3) Other maps — associations etc.
3. Tables & curves

Ecological environment of a sanday soil (see Gleason p 34, & Cockayne p

128

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Number of Species Collected 1912

129

1″

Species Killed for Ecology Class

1. Celastrus scandens (shade)
2. Celastrus scandens (sun)
3. Hymenopappus filifolius
4. Andropogon hallii
5. Prunus besseyi
6. Amorpha canescens (sun)
7. Amorpha canescens (shade)
8. Lacinaria squarrosa
9. Lathyrus ornatus
10. Tradescantia occidentalis
11. Tradescantia occidentalis (stems)
12. Lithospernum gruelini
13. Prunus melanocarpa (shade)
14. Typha latifolia
15. Alisma plantago aquatica
16. Rumex venosus
17. Redfieldia flexuosa
18. Alisma (fl. axis)
19. Yucca glauca
20. Psoralea cuspidata
21. Phaca longifolia
22. Psoralea lanceolata
23. Salix longifolia
24. Fraximus lanceolata (sun)
25. Fraximus lanceolata (shade)
25. Fraximus lanceolata(shade)
26. Prunus melanocarpa (sun)
27. Crataegus occidentalis (shade)
28. Crataegus occidentalis (sun)
29. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
30. Salix hummilis
31. Penstemon gracilis
32. Phrysma leptostachya

130

2″

Ecology Material (cont)

33. Vagnera stellata (shade)
34. Circaea lutetiana
35. Helianthus scaperrimus
36. Talinum teretifolium
37. Nymphae advena — petioles
38. ” ” — peduncle
39. ” ” leaves
40. Potamogeton natans. fl. lvs.
41. Potamogeton richardsonii — em. lvs.
42. Potamogeton zosterafolius — em. lvs.
43. Myriophyllum spicatum — stems
44. thomaca leptophylla — – lvs. 2
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

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Bot. 21 — 22

I. Ecological Anatomy

1.Roots
2. Stems — lab.
3. Leaves — lab.
4. Reproduction

II. Ecological Classification

1. Hydro — Nero — etc.
2. Formations, associations, etc.
3.Instrumentation

III. Phytogoraphy

1. Of North America
2. Of Nebraska
3. Prepare maps and charts

Autumn Field Trips

1. Collect leaf & stem types
2. Observe and collect disseminules
3. Observe fruits
4. Observe associations
5. Observe vegetation forms
6. Observe frost injury
7. Competition and drought
8. List Xero — Meso — Hydros
9. Ecological Herbarium — “Habitat Herbarium”

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C.A. Pickerel — Mumper (Ellsworth)
Ida May — 2
Gleeta Ustis — 5
Susan Evelaine — 12
Herman Arthur — 14
Grandma — 86

Topics for papers

1. The Sand Hills — a Misunderstood Region
2. In Kinstead Land
3. Bunch Grass and Blowouts
4.

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134 “

Botany 34-35

1. Chart
2. Key & formulae for autumn plants
3. Seed Production
4. Dissemination
5. Distribution
6. Brief outline of physiology (with epts)
7. ” ” ” ecology
8. Dealers in supplies
9. Herbarium making
10. Literature for High Schools
11. Botanical center
12.

135

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Instruments

1. Soil Borers — (Briggs
1.) B. & L. #16536 — 525
2.) American
3.) Geotomes
2. Field balance and weights to mg.
3. Soil cans (Am. Can. co. St. Paul
4. Soil Thermometers
1.) Plain and (Green 12″)
2.) Special 700 — 1900
5. Air Thermometers 250 — 350
6. Max. & Min. thermometers 825
7. Draper Thermograph 3000
8. Draper Psychiograph 3000
9. Atmometer
1.) Calibrated (Pische)
2.) Porous cup
10. Cog psychometer 700
11. Standard Anemometer 2500
12. Clinometer
13. Quadrat tapes (white)
14. Quadrat stakes — 24″
15. shovel
16. Calibrated vials (for transpiration)
17. Record blanks
1.) Water blanks
2.) Humidity
3.) Temperature (size max. & min.)
18. Soil Drier

136

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Adaptations

1.
Xerophytic adaptations of Apacynum hypericifolium
J.H. Schaffues
O. Nat.
10:184.
Jan ’10
2.
The realation of hairy and cutinized coverings to transpiration.K.M. WiegandBot. Gaz.49:430.Jun ’10.

137

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Biological Factors

1.
Fire as a Biological FactorJ.C. BlumesPr. World13:42F. ’10
2.
An animal factor in Plant DistributionJ. C. BlumesPt. World13:16Jan ’10.

138

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Arid Habitats Drought Resistance

1.
Physiologically arid habitats and drought resistance in Plants.A. DachmouskiBot. Gaz. 49:325M ’10.

139

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Atmometers Vapaorimeters

1. A simple vaporimeter E.N. NauseauBot. Gaz.49:459,Je ’10

.
2.
Operation fo Porous cup AtmometerB.E. LivingstonPt. World 13:111M. ’10.
3.

Literature of evaporationGrace J. LivingstonMont. W. Rev. 1908-1909
4.
A Rain correcting Atmometer for Ecological InstrumentationB.E. LivingstonPt. World13:29’10.
5.
Evaporation and Plant DevelopmentR.E.L.Pt. World10:269—’07.